Another 02/02/20 Why did Siberia began just beyond the river
Everyone knows in Russia there is Siberia, and her wealth is growing Russian power. The area of this vast region is more than 70% of the total area of the country, Siberia is home to 36 million people, however, specify the boundaries of this region can not all.
In a broad geographical sense, Siberia know a huge space, which is located in the Northern part of the Asian continent. Until the XX century geographers believed that Siberia extends from the Ural mountains to the Pacific ocean and from the borders with China to the Arctic ocean. But since the XX century, an increasing part of Siberia are beginning to call the Far East, and in the twenty-first century the Far East are already attributed to the Transbaikal and Buryatia regions, which are very far from the Pacific coast. So, where are the boundaries of Siberia?
Volga — Sibir ‘ already?
In ancient times, Siberia was considered all that was East of the Volga, for example, of the XV century, belonged to cardinal Stephen Borgia, this region was directly on the East Bank of the great Russian river and it was called Siberian Tatars. On the map this time a monk from Venice, Mauro FR, wonderful taiga region is located on the banks of rivers Kama and Vyatka. Russian “drawings” of the XV century showed that the local population has a more accurate idea of Siberia – they Sibir is located approximately on the territory of the Tatar khanate, but included more extensive areas of the earth current Kurgan, Chelyabinsk, Omsk and Tyumen regions. The first most accurate “Drawing of the Siberian lands” was made in the late XVII century Tobolsk voivode Peter Godunov. However, in this drawing, a modern traveler could get lost – South on the map was at the top, North – bottom, and distance from some geographic objects to the other measured days of riding a horse.
this card was dealt in details place, already well known to the Cossacks for example, the valley of the river Ob. But a huge deep Lena fell into the ocean in the East. Five years later, “Drawing” was clarified – it caused the road to “the Chinese Empire”.
However, the boundaries of Siberia in the minds of Russian people still started right around the Volga. On the map, the originator of which in 1697 became Semyon Remizov, this land began on the East Bank of the ancient ITIL, and the boundaries it literally stretched to the ocean – end of Siberia to the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Northern border region took place along the coasts of mangazeiskoe and Arctic seas, and to the South by the Northern shore of the Aral sea, for some “nomadic Kalmyks” and further – along the border with the Empire of Qin.
Western border
Over time, the borders of Siberia is moved farther from the river Volga. At the end of the XVIII century, according to the reform of Catherine the great, Sibirskaya Guberniya was divided in Perm and Tobolsk governorship, – about it in “the Eve of Siberia: visions of the border in the description of travel,” writes a specialist in historical geography, Fedor Sergeyevich Koranda. According to the decree of the Empress between the province had set the first boundary marks indicating the beginning of Siberia. Most likely, it was just wooden poles. During the reign of Emperor Paul the pillars have continued to make, and captain-Lieutenant in the Navy Zhemchuzhnikov in 1797 put them near Tyumen between the village and Saposhnikova Romskoy dacha.
In the literature the pillars for the first time describes the German novelist August von Kotzebue, who was exiled to the city of Kurgan province of Tobolsk. He wrote that the border of Siberia is 40 miles before Tyumen, it is marked with poles.
Curiously, the modern pointer is approximately in the same place. American journalist David Filipov of the Washington post has examined this question and found the line of Siberia, approximately 200 kilometers East of Yekaterinburg is unremarkable stone beside the road.
But if we draw the border between Ural and Siberia from a geological point of viewIya, you will find that it passes right through Chelyabinsk. One half of the town is literally on the granite of the Ural mountains, and the other is located on sedimentary rocks of West Siberian platform. Chelyabinsk residents believe that the border of Siberia passes through the river Miass. But geographically the border of Siberia is on the border of Kurgan region.
southern border
the southern border is also changed over time. During the conquest of Siberia by the Cossacks included the vast territory in the North of the Kazakh khanate. In the XIX century, it consisted of a huge region of the Turkestan province. But after the revolution they were excluded from Siberia, and in 1936 the southern border of Siberia took place along the border with the Kazakh SSR, and now passes on the border with Kazakhstan. In Soviet times Siberia was excluded Khakassia, Tuva and the Altai Republic. However, a decade after the fall of the Empire of the Soviets of the Republic was once again included in the Siberian Federal district.
the Eastern boundary of the
With the Eastern border of Siberia, the situation was somewhat more complicated – since the XVII century until early XIX century, it passed on coast of the Pacific ocean. However, since then, as Russia was annexed to the Ussuri Krai and Amur oblast, in the minds of people the idea the far East.
In the nineteenth century, the Governor of Siberia Mikhail Speransky divided Siberia into two parts – Western and Eastern. In Eastern Siberia were part of Preenisone, Baikal, Transbaikalia, Buryatia, Chukotka and Kamchatka Peninsula, and Yakutia – this was the anthropologist Nicholas Yadrintsev. In Soviet times Siberia was excluded Yakut ASSR, the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug and Chita oblast.
Now the borders of Siberia is often associated with the boundaries of the Siberian Federal district, but it is fundamentally wrong – then it turns out that the Tyumen region – Ural, but historically it is not. And in the East in Siberia from November 3, 2018 not include Buryatia and Transbaikalia, although for several centuries it was the Siberian land. In General, the geography has not yet determined the exact Grasboundary of Siberia, and taught in schools, some teachers come from the modern administrative division of Russia, while others teach students that Siberia is not only geography, but history, and its boundaries cannot be confined to SFO.
Maya Novik
Source:
© Russian Seven
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