History 01/02/20 What victory is celebrated in the Russian Empire
In modern Russia, in addition to the Day of Victory in the great Patriotic war was celebrated in the last several Days of military glory of Russia, dedicated to various victories.
However, some significant winning event is not included in this list? And what was noted early in the history of Russia?
Victorianne and memorial days of Russian Empire and the Russian Empire
the very first occasion associated with the major military-political event, the establishment of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Ivan III the Great and Gerontius Metropolitan of Moscow the celebrations in honour of the deliverance of Moscow from the invasion of Khan Akhmat of the Golden Horde in 1480. The failure of the campaign of Ahmad, as you know, marked the final deliverance of Moscow Russia from the Golden Horde dependency. Was established additional annual holiday in the name of the virgin, celebrated sacred processions. Although the escape of Akhmat occurred in November, but to celebrate it was decided on June 23 (old style). However, it is unknown how long about this date and about the event it gave rise, was remembered in Russia.
Peter the Great began to establish a “victorianne days” to commemorate famous victories won under his leadership in the Northern war. By the end of his reign it was the following days (all dates old style). June 27 – the victory of Poltava (1709), July 27 – victory at Cape Gangut (1714), 9 Aug – the capture of Narva (1704), 30 Aug – the conclusion of the Treaty of Nystad (1721), 28 September – the victory at Lesnaya (1708), 11 October – capture of Noteburg (1702). Of these dates only victory at Poltava and Gangut was included in the modern list of Days of military glory of Russia.
Founded by Peter the Great tradition continued to be observed. During the XVIII century it was established they added another three victorianne date. June 24 – victory over the Turkish fleet in the battle of Chesma (1770), 10 July – conclusion of Kuchuk-Kainarji with Turkey (1774), 19 Aug – the victory at gross-Egersdorf over the Prussians in the Seven years war (1757).
Alexander I did not like to remember the war of 1812 and found no anniversaries in honor of Russian arms in it. Maybe that’s why in the nineteenth century, new victorianne days has not increased. Those dates that are associated with the wars of that century included in the list of Days of military glory of Russia in our time. Until 1862 victorianne days included in the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church, but after that time remained only as a military holiday.
in Addition to days associated with some historical dates, the armed forces of the Russian Empire, highlighted some of the holidays of the Church calendar. These are the days of St. George (April 23 and 26 November), St. Sergius of Radonezh (July 5 and September 25), Vladimir the Great, Baptist of Russia (July 15), Alexander Nevsky (30 August), Archangel Michael (19 September and 8 November), Andrew the Apostle (30 November), Ilya of Murom (December 19). Celebrated the feast of the Kazan icon of the mother of God (October 22), which in the twenty-first century is the same as the Day of national unity.
in addition, Catherine the Great established on the Day of the beheading of John the Baptist on 29 August to commemorate all Russian warriors on the field of battle slain.
Finally, at Christmas since 1812 served as a thanksgiving in commemoration of the deliverance of Russia “from motley array usually describe”, that is, from the invasion of Napoleon.
Important, but not marked by date
Modern Russian holidays and Days of glory have included a separate “vectorially” date. In addition, it added a new associated with the wars of the XIX and XX centuries. But it is easy to see that this list could be longer.
Take, for example, the Great Patriotic war. Here you can add, at least such dates (new style): 2 February – the day of the capitulation of Nazi forces at Stalingrad (1943), 9 April – the day of the capture of königsberg (1945), may 2 – the day of the capture of Berlin (1945), 5 August – the day of the first salute in the great Patriotic war in honor of the liberation of the cities of Orel and Belgorod (1943), November 6 – the day of liberation of Kiev (1943).
In the wars of the Russian Empire, it would be useful to recall some important dates that will follow in the old style. This, for example: 19 Mar 1814 – capture of the Russian army, Paris, 21 may 1864 – the end of the long Caucasian war, may 22, 1916 – the beginning of Brusilovsky breakthrough, September 11, 1789 – Suvorov’s victory over the Turks at Rymnik, 28 Sep 1760 – accession of the Russian army in Berlin in the Seven years ‘ war, 28 Dec 1877 – the defeat of the Turkish army near Sheinovo.
Dating is Wrong
In conclusion about the correlation of dates on the old and new style. It is strange that modern holidays are tied to the dates in the new style established in the XX-XXI centuries based on the difference of 13 days with the old style. However, in the following century the difference will be 14 days. Thus, the Day of national unity celebrated on November 4 on Gregorian calendar will cease to coincide with the feast of the Kazan icon of the mother of God, celebrated on 22 October according to the Julian calendar, as this day in the XXII century will fall on the 5th of November, new style.
On September 22, the new style will move the day of the Nativity, in which in 1380 occurred the battle of Kulikovo, in the memory of which is now the 21st of September is the one day of military glory. It seems that these days would have either strictly tied to the dates of the Julian calendar, or, conversely, to make them completely independent from the Church of dates and mark the days on the Gregorian calendar, which they had in the century in which this memorable event occurred.
Then the day of the victory of Sinope (1853) it would be more correct to note not 1 December and 30 November, the day of the battle of Borodino – 7 instead of 8 September, the day of the battle of Poltava – 8 and not on 10 July, the Day of national unity – 1, and not November 4, the day Cooleycoscoy battle – 16, not September 21, the day the Ice battle (1242) – 12, not April 18. However, it is possible to consider that the end of the XVI century, the Gregorian calendar did not exist in nature. And could be related to the Julian date of the Ice battle (5 April) and the battle of Kulikovo (8 September) to the same numbers as the current civil calendar.
Yaroslav Butakov
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